The article is devoted to the development of ways to counteract and minimize the impact of external and internal threats of the enterprise in conditions of uncertainty of the external environment. Theoretical and methodological bases of formation of the system of adaptation of the business entity to the conditions of uncertainty of the external environment are investigated. Conceptual approaches to management of adaptive development of the enterprise are considered. Features of adaptive management of the potential of the business entity in a competitive environment are analyzed. The analysis of efficiency of activity and problems of development of the enterprises of oil and fat branch is carried out. The factors of the external environment and the levers of influence on the economic stability of the functioning of economic entities are diagnosed. It is determined that the economic, technological and social factors have a significant impact on the production and economic activity of the enterprise. The modern tendencies of formation of the system of providing innovative adaptability of the enterprises of oil and fat complex are analyzed. It is established that one of the promising areas of innovation adaptability of oil and fat complexes is waste-free production, because volumes of secondary raw materials formed at different stages of oilseed processing, with their efficient and rational use can improve the financial, economic and environmental situation in Ukraine. The practical implementation of the mechanism of waste-free production involves the following: production and economic inspection of the enterprise; creation of measures for zero-waste production; practical implementation of waste-free production measures; inspection and analysis of the state of production waste and their further processing at the enterprise. Waste-free and organic oil production are promising areas for development and modernization of the oil and fat industry. The system of adaptation as a strategic vector of enterprise management in the conditions of turbulence of the external environment is offered. Ways to counteract and minimize the impact of external and internal threats on the business entity are substantiated.