| dc.description.abstract | І. P. Vozny, А. V. Fedoruk
DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION ON THE TERRITORY OF
CHORNIV NEST SETTLEMENTS DURING
10th – EARLY 13th CENTURIES
The article analyzes the possible number of people living on the territory of Chorniv
nest settlement; the most investigated in Northern Bukovina, since modern historical
demography needs data gained from archaeological materials. The main component of
the development of villages and cities of ancient times is the estate, which is repeatedly
mentioned in written sources. Chorniv nest settlement is a unique archaeological monument
for demographic measurements. Since the cultural layer of settlements of this period
is mostly not blocked by later deposits, therefore calculations can be carried out
with the greatest probability. The basis of the calculations was taken from theoretical
inquiry of P. Tolochka. Total resource zone of this nest, extended along Moshkov River,
is about 7,000 hectares. It had a very favorable living condition. The history of the Chorniv
nest began with a small settlement of the Prague culture of the 5th – 7th centuries, located
on the first subterranean terrace of Ruly River. In the 8th – 10th centuries it expanded
throughout the valley of the Moshkov River, and on its tributaries, a nest of Slavic settlements
was formed, consisting of the economic-administrative center, seven villages and
a burial mound, which formed agricultural community. The total area of settlements of
the nest was 18.5 hectares, and accordingly the settlement was 9.25 hectares. It could
have 46.25 estates with 92.5 homes. Chorniv community of the 8th – 10th centuries could
have 555 inhabitants. In the late 10th century Bukovyna became a part of Kyiv state. During
this period, as a result of the struggle of the central government with local separatism,
mass extermination of old administrative and economic centers took place. The
Chorniv settlement complex had also undergone changes. The nest of settlements collapsed.
Local population moved below the flow of Moshkov River and formed a new
settlement in Pust Chornivka, which became the center of a new Chorniv nest of settlement.
In the middle of the 12th century, when Bukovyna became a member of Galician
principality, the Chorniv nest of settlements grew again into eight settlements and the
feudal castle. There could be about 92.5 homesteads, in which about 185 dwellings could
function simultaneously. If we proceed from the average determination of the number
of members of one family for 6 people, then we will find that 1110 peasants account for
the entire nest of settlements, which was about 15.8 people per km2. This information
corresponds with the data from other territories of Old Russian state. After the Mongol-
Tatar invasion in the late 13th century, Chorniv nest collapsed. Survivors left the settlement
and founded in the upper part of Moshkov River, covered with dense forests, the
modern Chornivka, which was first mentioned in the feudal literature in 1412. Thus, as
evidenced by the research, there were demographic shifts in the regions of Northern
Bukovyna that characterizes the entire ancient Rus. | uk_UA |
