Структурні та функціональні особливості кулінарної лексики в британському телешоу The Great British Bake Off
Abstract
The aim of the presented article is a thorough investigation of structural and functional characteristics
of the culinary vocabulary selected from the on-line scripts of the British television baking competition
The Great British Bake Off. Thus, a modern culinary show may be defined as a new genre of a TV programme
on a gastronomic topic, with its most important peculiarities being entertainment, some elements of a reality
show and competition, and a shifted emphasis from the cooking process itself to the conflicts arousing
among the contesters. In the course of our investigation, the analyzed vocabulary has proved to consist chiefly
of nouns, both simple and compound ones, which account for about two-thirds of the material under study.
The latter have either the NN (one word) or N+N (written separately) structure. Also, the outcomes show that
nominal word combinations build a little less than a third of the culinary vocabulary; verbs, adjectives as well
as their combinations turned to be infrequent. It is also worth mentioning that the material under investigation
includes both neutral words and professionalisms mainly belonging to haute cuisine. In this way, cake, pie,
and their ingredients nominations are characterized by the most frequent application. Moreover, they are often
derived from proper names denoting the place of their origin (Gruyère cheese), their inventor/creator (Clementine,
frangipane), or just a celebrity of those times (Leibniz). In linguistics, the words of such a type are referred
to as eponyms, i.e. common nouns originating from proper ones. The study also shows that groups of lexemes
denoting dishes as well as cooking and storing equipment, cooking processes, and attributes display their rare
use. The latter is often expressed by nouns in the function of attributes meaning either the main ingredient of
the dish or its shape or an event the pastry is dedicated to. Finally, it should be mentioned that clusters of fruit,
spices, and meat nominations are seldom used to denote stuffing, the same low frequency being displayed by
lexemes for some kinds of alcohol used to soak the dough.